Aortic pulse wave comparison between controls and triathletes in baseline conditions and in response to acute maximum exercise.

To determine the effects of intense training on aortic pulse wave variables and hemodynamic parameters at baseline and at recovery from maximal exercise testing (MaxET) in triathletes compared with sedentary individuals. In this prospective and experimental study, 21 triathletes and 21 sedentary individuals were recruited and evaluated prior and two minutes after the MaxET using the Mobil-O-Graph®, which estimates the aortic pulse wave from the brachial artery pressure. The augmentation index (AIx@75) was lower in triathletes after the MaxET compared to control group (16.34 ± 5.95 vs. 23.5 ± 8.53%, p = 0.001), while the pulse wave velocity (PWV) was similar between groups. The heart rate was significantly lower at baseline and after MaxET in triathletes group (55.70 ± 8.95 bpm 91.49 ± 11.39 bpm) compared with control group (62.11 ± 6.70 bpm; 102.08 ± 10.85 bpm). The stroke volume was significantly higher at baseline (96.08 ± 13.96 ml; 86.17 ± 11.24 ml) and after MaxET in triathletes group (69.15 ± 6.51 ml, 58.38 ± 6.99 ml) compared with control group. Triathetes show lower value of AIx@75 after MaxET in comparison with the control group. AIx@75, in addition to being an indirect measure of arterial stiffness, is also a measure of left ventricular afterload. Thus, the lower AIx@75 in triathletes may be due to their lower left ventricular afterload, lower myocardial oxygen demand, and greater coronary perfusion than sedentary individuals. The hemodynamic changes observed in triathletes at rest and during an acute exercise bout are distinctive characteristics of aerobic physical training.

Combined training is not superior to strength and aerobic training to mitigate cardiovascular risk in adult healthy men.

Although the beneficial effects of aerobic training on cardiovascular risk factors are evident, the potential beneficial effect of strength and combined training on these risk factors is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic and strength training programmes, performed alone or in combination, on cardiovascular risk factors in sedentary, apparently healthy and non-obese adult men. The study was conducted with 37 subjects who were randomly divided into the following groups: aerobic (AG), combined (ASG), strength (SG) and control (CG). The exercise programmes were performed three times a week and lasted approximately 50 minutes. Dietary intake, anthropometry, blood pressure, muscular strength, aerobic capacity, lipid profile and glycaemic control were assessed before and after 12 weeks of the intervention. One-way analysis of variation (ANOVA) for baseline, and ANOVA for repeated measures were used to assess differences between the initial and final time points of the four groups. Changes in blood pressure and glycaemic control were not significant in any of the groups. No differences were observed in LDL-C between training groups. HDL-C increased significantly only in the AG. In conclusion, if minimal changes in the lipid profile are needed, an aerobic training programme can provide possible benefits for HDL-C in apparently healthy and non-obese adult men.

Clinical performance of short versus standard dental implants in vertically augmented bone: an overview of systematic reviews.

OBJECTIVE: To answer the question: What do we know so far about the clinical performance of short implants (≤ 7 mm) when compared to standard length implants in vertically augmented bone, as well as which is the overall confidence of the systematic reviews (SRs) about this topic? MATERIALS AND METHODS: An overview of SRs was conducted. The searches were performed in six electronic databases and grey literature. SRs about short (≤ 7 mm) versus standard dental implants performance in vertically augmented bone were included. The assessed outcomes were marginal bone loss (MBL), implant survival (IS), prosthetic (PC) and biological complications (BC), costs, surgical time, and patient satisfaction. AMSTAR 2 was used to evaluate the overall confidence of included SRs. RESULTS: Thirteen SRs were included. Nine of twelve SRs reported a lower MBL for the short implant group. All the included SRs showed no difference in the IS between groups. A higher rate of BC was reported for standard-length implants in four out of five SRs. No differences regarding PC were reported in four of five SRs. Information related to patient preference, cost, and surgery time were underreported. The confidence evaluation of the SRs was stratified as low for five SRs and critically low for eight SRs. CONCLUSIONS: In an overall low-to-very low confidence levels, short implants appear to perform better in the mid-term (up to 5 years) than standard dental implants associated with vertical bone augmentation regarding MBL and BC, but they have a similar performance regarding IS rates and PC. There is an imperative need to improve the methodological quality of SRs, and efforts should focus on conducting RCTs to broaden the knowledge on this topic. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Short implants could represent a viable, simpler, and less invasive treatment when available bone height is limited.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian children using three different sets of international criteria / Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en niños brasileños utilizando tres diferentes criterios internacionales

BACKGROUND: the aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian children aged 6-10 years using three different international criteria. METHODS: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and insulin levels were measured in 290 schoolchildren, and the presence of metabolic syndrome was analyzed according to the criteria established by Cook, Boney, and Ferreira. RESULTS: the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.27 % (Boney and Ferreira criteria) and 7.58 % (Cook criteria) for girls, and 3.8 % (Boney and Ferreira criteria) and 5.06 % (Cook criteria) for boys. Agreement in pairs showed a concordance of 57.5 % (Kappa = 0.57) between Boney and Cook criteria, and 65.2 % (Kappa = 0.65) between Cook and Ferreira. The greatest concordance found was 77 % (Kappa = 0.77) between Boney and Ferreira criteria, demonstrating a substantial agreement. CONCLUSION: prevalences according to Boney and Ferreira criteria was lower than according to Cook criteria. Therefore, we suggest the use of Cook criteria in clinical practice for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, since this criterion provided a wider diagnostic range, thereby reducing the risk of underdiagnosis

ANTECEDENTES: el objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en niños brasileños de 6 a 10 años de edad, usando tres diferentes criterios internacionales. MÉTODOS: se midieron la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, el colesterol de alta y baja densidad, los triglicéridos, la glucemia en ayunas y la insulinemia en 290 escolares, y se analizó la presencia del síndrome metabólico de acuerdo con los criterios de Cook, Boney y Ferreira. RESULTADOS: la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico encontradas fueron del 2,27 % (criterios de Boney y Ferreira) y 7,58 % (criterios de Cook) para las niñas, y del 3,8 % (criterios de Boney y Ferreira) y 5,06 % (criterios de Cook) para los niños. La concordancia por pares fue del 57,5 % (Kappa = 0,57) entre los criterios de Boney y Cook, y del 65,2 % (Kappa = 0,65) entre los criterios de Cook y Ferreira. La mayor concordancia encontrada fue del 77 % (Kappa = 0,77) entre los criterios de Boney y Ferreira, demostrando una concordancia sustancial. CONCLUSIONES: la prevalencia de acuerdo con los criterios de Boney y Ferreira fue inferior a la encontrada con los criterios de Cook. Por lo tanto, sugerimos el uso de los criterios de Cook en la práctica clínica para el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico, ya que utilizando este criterio se obtiene un rango diagnóstico más amplio, reduciéndose así el riesgo del infradiagnóstico

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian children using three different sets of international criteria.

INTRODUCTION: Background: the aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian children aged 6-10 years using three different international criteria. Methods: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and insulin levels were measured in 290 schoolchildren, and the presence of metabolic syndrome was analyzed according to the criteria established by Cook, Boney, and Ferreira. Results: the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.27 % (Boney and Ferreira criteria) and 7.58 % (Cook criteria) for girls, and 3.8 % (Boney and Ferreira criteria) and 5.06 % (Cook criteria) for boys. Agreement in pairs showed a concordance of 57.5 % (Kappa = 0.57) between Boney and Cook criteria, and 65.2 % (Kappa = 0.65) between Cook and Ferreira. The greatest concordance found was 77 % (Kappa = 0.77) between Boney and Ferreira criteria, demonstrating a substantial agreement. Conclusion: prevalence according to Boney and Ferreira criteria was lower than according to Cook criteria. Therefore, we suggest the use of Cook criteria in clinical practice for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, since this criterion provided a wider diagnostic range, thereby reducing the risk of underdiagnosis.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: el objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en niños brasileños de 6 a 10 años de edad, usando tres diferentes criterios internacionales. Métodos: se midieron la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica, el colesterol de alta y baja densidad, los triglicéridos, la glucemia en ayunas y la insulinemia en 290 escolares, y se analizó la presencia del síndrome metabólico de acuerdo con los criterios de Cook, Boney y Ferreira. Resultados: las prevalencias del síndrome metabólico encontradas fueron del 2,27 % (criterios de Boney y Ferreira) y 7,58 % (criterios de Cook) para las niñas, y del 3,8 % (criterios de Boney y Ferreira) y 5,06 % (criterios de Cook) para los niños. La concordancia por pares fue del 57,5 % (Kappa = 0,57) entre los criterios de Boney y Cook, y del 65,2 % (Kappa = 0,65) entre los criterios de Cook y Ferreira. La mayor concordancia encontrada fue del 77 % (Kappa = 0,77) entre los criterios de Boney y Ferreira, demostrando una concordancia sustancial. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de acuerdo con los criterios de Boney y Ferreira fue inferior a la encontrada con los criterios de Cook. Por lo tanto, sugerimos el uso de los criterios de Cook en la práctica clínica para el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico, ya que utilizando este criterio se obtiene un rango diagnóstico más amplio, reduciéndose así el riesgo del infradiagnóstico.

Effects of Saliva From Periodontally Healthy and Diseased Subjects on Barrier Function and the Inflammatory Response in in vitro Models of the Oral Epithelium.

Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial, bacteria-mediated chronic inflammatory disease that results in the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. It is well-known that saliva from subjects suffering from this disease generally contains higher levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and bacteria-derived toxic products. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of saliva from periodontally healthy and diseased subjects on the barrier function and inflammatory response in in vitro models of the oral epithelium. Methods: Unstimulated saliva samples from two groups of subjects, one with a healthy periodontium (n = 12) and one with severe generalized periodontitis (n = 11), were filter-sterilized. All the saliva samples were analyzed using an immunological multiplex assay to determine the levels of various cytokines and MMPs relevant to periodontitis. The impact of saliva on epithelial barrier integrity was assessed by monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in an oral epithelium model using the B11 keratinocyte cell line. GMSM-K oral epithelial cells were treated with saliva from both groups to determine their ability to induce the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Saliva from the periodontitis subjects contained significantly higher concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), IL-8, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) compared to saliva from the healthy subjects. Saliva from the healthy and periodontitis subjects affected cytokine secretion and TER in a similar manner. More specifically, saliva from both groups increased TER and induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in the in vitro oral epithelium models used. Conclusion: Independently of the presence or absence of periodontitis, saliva can increase the relative TER and the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in in vitro models of the oral epithelium.

Comparison of tests to evaluate the vertical rebound jump in basketball players / Comparação de testes para avaliação do ressalto vertical em jogadores de basquetebol

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the vertical rebound jump performance of basketball players by using Hurdle Jump and Drop Jump tests based on different performance parameters, in addition to investigating whether the height of the hurdles used (barrier and box) are equivalent when the optimal and maximum heights for the tests mentioned are determined. Thirteen players of a male basketball team were included in this study (age 18.77 ±1.78 years old, height 182 ±7.97 m, body mass 76.4 ±9.55 kg, practice time 6.0 ±1.8 years). Data normality and homogeneity were tested by applying Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, respectively. The paired t-test was used to compare the means of the results obtained in the tests; the significance level was p ≤ 0.05. The results regarding the comparison of the performance parameters means were the following: the maximum vertical rebound jump and reactive strength index did not show significant differences (p = 0.256 and p = 0.243, respectively); on the other hand, differences were seen for the corresponding obstacle heights. These differences can be attributed to both, individual characteristics of each subject and the specificities of the tests.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o desempenho do ressalto vertical de jogadores de basquetebol por meio dos testes Hurdle Jump e Drop Jump a partir de diferentes parâmetros de desempenho e verificar se a altura dos obstáculos utilizados (barreira e caixote) se equivalem quando forem determinadas a altura ótima e a máxima para os testes mencionados. Participaram do estudo 13 jogadores de uma equipe de basquetebol masculina (idade 18,77 ±1,78 anos, estatura 182 ±7,97 centímetros, massa corporal 76,4 ±9,55 quilogramas, tempo de prática 6,0 ±1,8 anos). A normalidade e a homogeneidade dos dados foram testadas por meio dos testes Shapiro-Wilk e Levene, respectivamente. O Test T pareado foi utilizado na comparação das médias dos resultados obtidos nos testes e o nível de significância foi p≤0,05. Os resultados das comparações das médias dos parâmetros de desempenho: ressalto vertical máximo e índice de força reativa, não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p=0,256 e p=0,243, respectivamente), em contrapartida, foram identificadas diferenças nas alturas dos obstáculos correspondentes. Essas diferenças podem ser atribuídas às características da individualidade de cada sujeito e às especificidades dos testes.

Measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents by accelerometer: a cross-sectional study / Atividade física e comportamento sedentário em adolescentes medidas por acelerômetro: um estudo transversal

The objective of this study was to analyze the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB) in students from Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional study with 153 participants of both sexes and had to be between 10 and 12 old. We carried out measurements of socioeconomic and anthropometric variables. Also, physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using an accelerometer (MiniMitter, Actiheart®). The accelerometer was fixed on the chest and the participants should remain with it for three days (Thursday, Friday, and Saturday). We categorized the data as SB - < 1.6 METs (< 0.39 kcal.kg-1.15min-1); light physical activity - 1.6 to 2.9 METs (0.42 to 0.76 kcal.kg-1.15min-1). In the study, both sexes showed a low time of moderate and vigorous (~ 0.85 hours/day) activities. Higher times were recorded for light activity (~ 2.6 hours/day) and SB (~ 12.5 hours/day) in both sexes. Also, boys spent greater time on a vigorous physical activity and lower time of SB in the three evaluated days (~ 1.3 hours/day boys vs ~ 0.4 hours/day girls) (p = 0.001; np2= 0.42). However, the physical activity behavior was similar during weekdays and weekends (p = 0.14; np2= 0.078). We conclude that boys are more engaged than girls in physical activities in public schools of Minas Gerais, Brazil. However, SB is similar between them

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário (CS) em escolares. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 153 escolares de 10 a 12 anos de ambos os sexos, de escolas públi-cas de São João Nepomuceno do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foi realizada a mensuração de variáveis socioeconômicas e antropométricas e a utilização de acelerômetro para medir o nível atividade de física. O acelerômetro foi fixado no peito dos participantes por um período de 3 dias (quinta, sexta e sábado). A partir disso os dados do acelerômetro foram definidos em CS - < 1,6 METs (< 0,39 kcal.kg-1.15min-1); atividade física leve ­ 1,6 a 2,9 METs (0,42 a 0,76 kcal.kg-1.15min-1). No estudo, ambos os sexos apresentaram baixo tempo de atividades moderadas a vigorosas (~ 0,85 horas/dia). O principal achado indicou um elevado tempo em atividade leves (~ 2,6 horas/dia) e CS (~ 12,5 horas/dia) em ambos os sexos. De acordo com o sexo, os meninos apresentaram mais tempo envolvidos em atividades físicas moderada a vigorosas e baixo CS nos três dias avaliados (~ 1,3 horas/dia meninos e ~ 0,4 horas/dia meninas) (p = 0.001; np2= 0.42). Além disso, o comportamento da atividade física foi semelhante nos dias úteis e finais de semana (p = 0.14; np2= 0.078). Concluímos que para os três dias avaliados, meninos apresentam maior tempo de envolvimento em atividades moderada a vigorosa, porém ambos os sexos com alto CS

Cigarette Smoke and E-Cigarette Vapor Dysregulate Osteoblast Interaction With Titanium Dental Implant Surface.

The purpose of this study was to determine the possible deleterious effects of e-cigarette vapor on osteoblast interaction with dental implant material. Osteoblasts were cultured onto Ti6Al4V titanium implant disks and were then exposed or not to whole cigarette smoke (CS), as well as to nicotine-rich (NR) or nicotine-free (NF) e-vapor for 15 or 30 minutes once a day for 1, 2, or 3 days, after which time various analyses were performed. Osteoblast growth on the titanium implant disks was found to be significantly ( P < .001) reduced following exposure to CS and to the NR and NF e-vapors. Osteoblast attachment to the dental implant material was also dysregulated by CS and the NR and NF e-vapors through a decreased production of adhesion proteins such as F-actin. The effects of CS and e-cigarette vapor on osteoblast growth and attachment were confirmed by reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and tissue mineralization. The adverse effects of CS and the NR and NF e-vapors on osteoblast interaction with dental implant material also involved the caspase-3 pathway, as the caspase-3 protein level increased following exposure of the osteoblasts to CS or e-vapor. It should be noted that the adverse effects of CS on osteoblast growth, attachment, ALP, and mineralized degradation were greater than those of the NR and NF e-vapors, although the latter did downregulate osteoblast interaction with the dental implant material. Overall results suggest the need to consider e-cigarettes as a possible contributor to dental implant failure and/or complications.

Criteria validity of the Netherlands physical activity questionnaire for children / Validade critério do Netherland Physical Activity Questionnaire para crianças

Abstract Physical activity measurement with accuracy and precision is extremely important in establishing the dose-response relationship between levels of physical activity and the different outcome possibilities. Subjective methods of measurement, such as proxy-reports have been used as a possibility to check physical activity in children. The aim of this study was to test the Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ), valid for Brazilian schoolchildren using physical aerobic fitness as a criterion. The study included 290 children aged 6-10 years from public schools of Itaúna/MG. NPAQ was applied to parents or guardians and children were tested using the Luc Léger test. NPAQ had mean score of 25 for children (25 for boys and 24 for girls) and VO2max was 50.8 ml/kg/min for children (52.6 and 50.2 ml/kg/min for boys and girls, respectively). The Spearmam correlation test showed significant correlation (rsho = 0.146; p = 0.013) between NPAQ and VO2max, but the correlation is weak (Kappa -0.14). The results showed that NPAQ presented poor construct validity for physical activity measurement in a Brazilian schoolchildren sample, based on aerobic physical fitness criteria.

Resumo A mensuração da atividade física com acurácia e precisão é de extrema importância no estabelecimento da relação de dose-resposta entre os níveis de atividade física e as diversas possibilidades de desfecho, sendo um desafio de extrema complexidade. A utilização de métodos subjetivos de mensuração, como os instrumentos proxy-reports, é uma possibilidade de verificação de atividade física em crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a validade do Netherland Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ) em escolares brasileiros tendo como medida critério a aptidão física aeróbica. Participaram deste estudo 290 crianças de seis a 10 anos de idade, matriculados em escolas públicas do município de Itaúna/MG. Foi aplicado aos responsáveis o NPAQ e as crianças realizaram o teste de Luc Léger. O NPAQ apresentou um escore mediano de 25 para as crianças (25 meninos e 24 meninas) e o VO2máx foi de 50,8 ml/kg/min para as crianças (52,6 e 50,2 ml/kg/min para meninos e meninas, respectivamente). O NPAQ e o VO2máx apresentaram no teste de correlação simples de Spearmam rsho = 0,146 (p = 0,013) correlação significativa, porém fraca (Kappa -0.14). Os resultados permitem concluir que o NPAQ apresentou fraca validade de constructo para mensuração de atividade física em uma amostra de escolares brasileiros, tendo como medida critério a aptidão física aeróbica.

Relationship between aerobic capacity with Birth Weight and breastfeeding patterns in children: A cross-sectional study / Relação da capacidade aeróbica com o peso ao nascer e padrões de aleitamento materno em crianças: um corte transversal de escolares

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze if aerobic capacity is related to Birth Weight and breastfeeding patterns in boys and girls, products of a term pregnancy and normal weight. Methods A representative sample of 230 Brazilian children (6-10 years old), born at term (after 37-weeks' gestation) with normal weight (between 2.5 and 4.0kg). These children performed a Yo-Yo Test to estimate their aerobic capacity and mothers reported their children's Birth Weight and breastfeeding patterns. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the association between aerobic capacity with Birth Weight and breastfeeding patterns. Results We did not observe any significant associations between aerobic capacity with Birth Weight and breastfeeding time in either sexes (p>0.05). Conclusion These results indicate that aerobic capacity is not related with Birth Weight or breastfeeding time in children born with normal weight and gestational age, suggesting that this complex physiological parameter does not appear to be determined by intrauterine factors that dictate the Birth Weight and breastfeeding patterns in the beginning of life.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a relação do desempenho aeróbico com o peso ao nascer e padrões de aleitamento materno na infância de crianças nascidas a termo com peso gestacional adequado. Métodos Duzentas e trinta crianças (6-10 anos), nascidas a termo (pós-37 semanas de gestação) e com peso normal (entre 2,5 e 4kg) participaram do estudo. O desempenho aeróbico foi estimado pelo Yo-Yo Test. O peso ao nascer e os padrões de aleitamento materno foram relatados pelas mães das crianças mediante questionário. A correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para avaliar a relação do desempenho aeróbico com o peso ao nascer e a duração do aleitamento materno. Resultados Não observou-se relação do desempenho aeróbico com o peso ao nascer ou com a duração do aleitamento materno em nenhum dos sexos (p>0,05). Conclusão Os resultados apontam que o desempenho aeróbico não está relacionado ao peso ao nascer e nem à duração do aleitamento materno em crianças nascidas a termo e com peso normal, sugerindo que este parâmetro fisiológico parece não ser associado à fatores intrauterinos que determinam o peso no nascimento e nem ao padrão alimentar no início da vida.

ADAPTAÇÃO TRANSCULTURAL DO QUESTIONÁRIO THREE DAY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RECALL / CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE THREE DAY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RECALL / ADAPTACIÓN TRANSCULTURAL DEL CUESTIONARIO THREE DAY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RECALL

RESUMO Introdução: Diversos são os instrumentos que mensuram atividade física no Brasil. Um deles é o Three Day Physical Activity Recall, porém, até o momento, nenhuma ferramenta foi submetida à adaptação transcultural. Objetivo: Descrever os procedimentos e critérios de escolha do Three Day Physical Activity Recall quanto à equivalência conceitual, semântica e de itens, que resultou na versão brasileira para adolescentes de 10 a 12 anos. Métodos: Foram compilados artigos que continham o instrumento de autorrelato, que tivessem como variáveis de interesse o nível de atividade física e o custo energético. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados BIREME, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science e SPORTDiscus. Seguiram-se as etapas da adaptação transcultural: dez doutores e 30 membros da população-alvo participaram da avaliação e adequação do constructo à cultura brasileira (equivalência conceitual e de itens) e a versão em português do instrumento seguiu todas as recomendações para equivalência semântica. Resultados: São apresentadas as avaliações dos doutores sobre a versão em português do instrumento, envolvendo questões sobre regionalidade das atividades, dificuldade cognitiva para o autorrelato, instruções, capacidade de mensuração da atividade física e seus domínios. As diferentes versões de tradução e re-tradução do instrumento, com destaque para as modificações solicitadas, assim como a versão final são apresentadas. Conclusões: Tendo sido satisfeitos os pré-requisitos da adaptação transcultural, concluiu-se que o instrumento está adaptado para a população e cultura alvo; entretanto, as qualidades psicométricas, a reprodutibilidade, a validade, o constructo e o critério devem ser testados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There are several tools that measure physical activity in Brazil. One of them is the Three Day Physical Activity Recall; however, until now, no tool was subjected to cross-cultural adaptation. Objective: To describe the procedures and criteria for selecting the Three Day Physical Activity Recall on the conceptual, semantic and items equivalence, which resulted in the Brazilian version for adolescents from 10 to 12 years. Methods: Articles have been compiled containing the self-report instrument that had as variables of interest the level of physical activity and energy cost. A survey was conducted in the following databases: BIREME, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. The steps of cultural adaptation came next: 10 doctors and 30 members of the target population participated of the evaluation and adjustment of the construct to the Brazilian culture (conceptual and item equivalence) and the Portuguese version of the instrument followed all recommendations for semantic equivalence. Results: Here we present the evaluations of doctors on the Portuguese version of the instrument, involving questions about regionality of activities, cognitive impairment to self-report, instructions, ability to measure physical activity and their domains. The different versions of the translation and retranslation of the tool, highlighting on the changes requested as well as the final version are presented. Conclusions: Since the prerequisites of cultural adaptation have been met, it was concluded that the tool is adapted for the target population and culture; nevertheless, the psychometric qualities, reproducibility and validity, construct and criterion must be tested.

RESUMEN Introducción: Existen varios instrumentos que miden la actividad física en Brasil. Uno de ellos es el Three Day Physical Activity Recall. Sin embargo, hasta el momento, ninguna herramienta se sometió a una adaptación transcultural. Objetivo: Describir los procedimientos y criterios para la selección de Three Day Physical Activity Recall relativos a la equivalencia conceptual, semántica y de ítems, lo que resultó en la versión brasileña para adolescentes de 10 a 12 años. Métodos: Se han compilado artículos que contienen el instrumento de autoinforme que tenían como variable de interés el nivel de actividad y los costos energéticos. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos BIREME, LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science y SPORTDiscus. Luego vinieron las etapas de adaptación transcultural: diez doctores y 30 miembros de la población objetivo participaron de la evaluación y la adecuación del constructo a la cultura brasileña (equivalencia conceptual y de ítems) y la versión en portugués del instrumento ha seguido todas las recomendaciones para equivalencia semántica. Resultados: Se presentan las evaluaciones de los doctores sobre la versión en portugués del instrumento, que implica cuestiones sobre la regionalidad de las actividades, dificultad cognitiva para el autoinforme, las instrucciones, la capacidad de medición de la actividad física y sus dominios. Se presentan las diferentes versiones de traducción y re-traducción del instrumento, destacando los cambios solicitados, así como en la versión final. Conclusiones: Después de haber satisfecho los prerrequisitos de adaptación transcultural se concluyó que el instrumento se adapta a la población y cultura objetivo; no obstante, las cualidades psicométricas, la reproducibilidad, la validez, el constructo y el criterio deben ser probados.

Content Validation of a Catalog of Exercises for Judo.

This study aimed to assess the content validity of a catalog of 76 judo exercises. Two groups of raters comprising 16 judo experts evaluated the following content validity indicators: Clarity of Language, Practical Pertinence, Theoretical Relevance, and the Dimension of each exercise. The results confirmed the content validity of the judo training catalog with indicators showing scores greater than 0.80. These findings suggest that all 76 judo exercises are pertinent, representative of judo training and understandable for judo coaches. Thus, this catalog of judo exercises may help judo coaches in the selection and recording of exercises.

In situ antimicrobial activity and inhibition of secondary caries of self-etching adhesives containing an antibacterial agent and/or fluoride.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the in situ effect of fluoride and MDPB-containing adhesives on antibacterial activity around restorations in conditions of high caries risk. METHODS: Bovine enamel and dentin blocks were restored with a fluoride-containing (One-up Bond F Plus - OP) or a MDPB and fluoride-containing adhesive (Clearfil Protect Bond - PB). Volunteers (n = 17) wore an intra-oral appliance containing three enamel and three dentin blocks, aligned side-by-side and restored with OP or PB and one enamel and dentin block (controls). The cariogenic challenge was carried out in two phases of 14 days each. The counts of total streptococci (TM), mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) were analyzed in the biofilm formed. Cross-sectional microhardness (CSM) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) evaluated caries lesions around the restorations and the demineralization extension. Data obtained by CSM testing was analyzed by Split-Split Plot ANOVA (P < 0.05). PLM and microbiota results were analyzed by Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: TM and MS counts were highest for the OP enamel restorations, and these presented higher lesion depths than PB in both the enamel and dentin. The CSM in dentin was the lowest at 60 µm from the restoration wall. None of the adhesives prevented demineralization and bacteria growth, but PB reduced the amount of oral pathogens in enamel and demineralization around restorations in enamel and dentin.

Fatores associados ao excesso de peso e ao índice de massa corporal em três escolas de Itaúna ? MG / Factors associated with overweight and body mass index in three schools of Itaúna ? MG

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao excesso de peso e ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) de escolares. Métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal, epidemiológico, no qual foram avaliadas 60 crianças de seis a 10 anos de idade, de três escolas públicas de Itaúna-MG. Elas foram classificadas quanto ao IMC/idade e seus pais responderam a questionário para obtenção de dados demográficos, história familiar e pregressa, estilo de vida e frequência alimentar semiquantitativo. Os dados foram avaliados com auxílio dos softwares Excel e SPSS. Foram usados testes estatísticos de regressão logística múltipla e linear múltipla. Resultados: a prevalência de excesso de peso, eutrofia e baixo peso identificada pelo IMC/idade foi de 21,6% (p=13), 76,7% (p=46) e 1,7% (p=1), respectivamente. O excesso de peso foi independentemente associado à obesidade materna (p=0,004). Foi encontrada associaçãodireta entre IMC e obesidade materna (p=0,02), ingestão de pães (p=0,03) e salgadinhos tipo chips (p=0,08) e associação inversa entre IMC e ingestão de iogurte (p=0,007) e sorvete (p=0,09). Conclusão: a prevalência de excesso de peso encontrada na população estudada foi alta, demonstrando a importância de mais atenção a esse aspecto, uma vez que ele pode estar associado a fatores potencialmente modificáveis, como os dietéticos.

Objective: to verify the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and body mass index (BMI) in schoolchildren. Methods: this was a cross sectional epidemiological study in which 60 children from six to 10 years of age were evaluated in three public schools of Itaúna-MG. They were classified by BMI/age, and their parents answered a questionnaire about demographic data, medical and family history, lifestyle, and semi quantitative food frequency. The data were evaluated with the aid of the Excel and SPSS software. Statistical tests for logistic and linear multiple regressions were used. Results: the prevalence of overweight, eutrophy, and low weight, identified by BMI/age, amounted to 21.6% (p = 13),76.7% (p = 46), and 1.7% (p = 1), respectively. Overweight was independently associated with maternal obesity (p = 0.004). A direct association was found between BMI and maternal obesity (p = 0.02), intake of breads (p = 0.03) and snacks such as chips (p = 0.08), and an inverse association was observed between BMI and yogurt (p = 0.007) and ice cream (p = 0.09) intake. Conclusion: the prevalence of overweight found in the studied population was high demonstrating the importance of more attention to this aspect because it can be associated with potentially modifiable factors, such as dietetics.

[Association of body mass index and aerobic physical fitness with cardiovascular risk factors in children]. / Associação de índice de massa corporal e aptidão física aeróbica com fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between both, body mass index and aerobic fitness, with cardiovascular disease risk factors in children. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, carried out in Itaúna-MG, in 2010, with 290 school children ranging from 6 to 10 years-old of both sexes, randomly selected. Children from schools located in the countryside and those with medical restrctions for physical activity were not included. Blood sample was collected after a 12-hour fasting period. Blood pressure, stature and weight were evaluated in accordance with international standards. The following were considered as cardiovascular risk factors: high blood pressure, high total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and insulin levels, and low HDL. The statistical analysis included the Spearman's coefficient and the logistic regression, with cardiovascular risk factors as dependent variables. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found, in both sexes, among body mass index and aerobic fitness with most of the cardiovascular risk factors. Children of both sexes with body mass index in the fourth quartile demonstrated increased chances of having high blood insulin and clustering cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, girls with aerobic fitness in the first quartile also demonstrated increased chances of having high blood insulin and clustering cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: The significant associations and the increased chances of having cardiovascular risk factors in children with less aerobic fitness and higher levels of body mass index justify the use of these variables for health monitoring in Pediatrics.

Halistanol sulfate A and rodriguesines A and B are antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents against the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans

In the present investigation we report the antibacterial activity of halistanol sulfate A isolated from the sponge Petromica ciocalyptoides, as well as of rodriguesines A and B isolated from the ascidian Didemnum sp., against the caries etiologic agent Streptococcus mutans. The transcription levels of S. mutans virulence genes gtfB, gtfC and gbpB, as well as of housekeeping genes groEL and 16S, were evaluated by sqRT-PCR analysis of S. mutans planktonic cells. There were no alterations in the expression levels of groEL and 16S after antimicrobial treatment with halistanol sulfate A and with rodriguesines A and B, but the expression of the genes gtfB, gtfC and gbpB was down-regulated. Halistanol sulfate A displayed the most potent antimicrobial effect against S. mutans, with inhibition of biofilm formation and reduction of biofilm-associated gene expression in planktonic cells. Halistanol sulfate A also inhibited the initial oral bacteria colonizers, such as Streptococcus sanguinis, but at much higher concentrations. The results obtained indicate that halistanol sulfate A may be considered a potential scaffold for drug development in Streptococcus mutans antibiofilm therapy, the main etiologic agent of human dental caries. .

Microbial diversity similarities in periodontal pockets and atheromatous plaques of cardiovascular disease patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The immune and infectious alterations occurring in periodontitis have been shown to alter the development and severity of cardiovascular disease. One of these relationships is the translocation of oral bacteria to atheroma plaques, thereby promoting plaque development. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess, by 16s cloning and sequencing, the microbial diversity of the subgingival environment and atheroma plaques of patients concomitantly suffering from periodontitis and obstructive coronary artery atherosclerosis (OCAA). METHODS: Subgingival biofilm and coronary balloons used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were collected from 18 subjects presenting with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis and OCAA. DNA was extracted and the gene 16S was amplified, cloned and sequenced. RESULTS: Significant differences in microbial diversity were observed between both environments. While subgingival samples mostly contained the phylum Firmicutes, in coronary balloons, Proteobacteria (p<0.05) was predominant. In addition, the most commonly detected genera in coronary balloons were Acinetobacter, Alloprevotella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Sphingomonas and Moraxella, while in subgingival samples Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Veillonella, Aggregatibacter and Treponema (p<0.05) were found. Interestingly, 17 identical phylotypes were found in atheroma and subgingival samples, indicating possible bacterial translocation between periodontal pockets and coronary arteries. CONCLUSION: Periodontal pockets and atheromatous plaques of cardiovascular disease patients can present similarities in the microbial diversity.

Associação de índice de massa corporal e aptidão física aeróbica com fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças / Association of body mass index and aerobic physical fitness with cardiovascular risk factors in children

Objetivo: Identificar a associação do índice de massa corporal e aptidão física aeróbica com fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares em crianças. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado na cidade de Itaúna-MG no ano de 2010 com 290 escolares de 6 a 10 anos de ambos os sexos, aleatoriamente selecionados. Crianças de escolas da zona rural e aquelas com limitações médicas para prática de atividade física não foram incluídas. Coletou-se o sangue após jejum de 12 horas. A pressão arterial, a estatura e o peso foram avaliados segundo padrões internacionais. Foram considerados fatores de risco cardiovascular: hipertensão arterial, colesterol total, LDL, triacilgliceróis e insulinemia elevados e HDL baixo. A análise estatística incluiu a Correlação de Spearman e a Regressão Logística, com os fatores de risco cardiovascular como variáveis dependentes. Resultados: Correlações significativas foram encontradas, nos dois sexos, entre índice de massa corporal e aptidão física aeróbica com a maioria dos fatores de risco cardiovascular. Crianças dos dois sexos com índice de massa corporal acima do percentil 75 apresentaram chances aumentadas para insulinemia alterada e agrupamento de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Meninas com aptidão física aeróbica no primeiro quartil apresentaram chances aumentadas para insulinemia alterada e agrupamento de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Conclusão: As associações significativas e as chances aumentadas para presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças com menor aptidão física aeróbica e maior índice de massa corporal justificam o uso dessas variáveis no monitoramento da saúde em pediatria...

Objective: To identify the association between both, body mass index and aerobic fitness, with cardiovascular disease risk factors in children. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in Itaúna-MG, in 2010, with 290 school children ranging from 6 to 10 years-old of both sexes, randomly selected. Children from schools located in the countryside and those with medical restrctions for physical activity were not included. Blood sample was collected after a 12-hour fasting period. Blood pressure, stature and weight were evaluated in accordance with international standards. The following were considered as cardiovascular risk factors: high blood pressure, high total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides and insulin levels, and low HDL. The statistical analysis included the Spearman's coefficient and the logistic regression, with cardiovascular risk factors as dependent variables. Results: Significant correlations were found, in both sexes, among body mass index and aerobic fitness with most of the cardiovascular risk factors. Children of both sexes with body mass index in the fourth quartile demonstrated increased chances of having high blood insulin and clustering cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, girls with aerobic fitness in the first quartile also demonstrated increased chances of having high blood insulin and clustering cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: The significant associations and the increased chances of having cardiovascular risk factors in children with less aerobic fitness and higher levels of body mass index justify the use of these variables for health monitoring in Pediatrics...

Aplicabilidade do indice adiposidade corporal na estimativa do percentual de gordura de jovens mulheres brasileiras / Applicability of body adiposity index in estimating body fat of young brazilian women / Aplicabilidad del indice de adiposidad corporal en la estimativa del porcentual de grasa de jovenes mujeres brasilenas

INTRODUÇÃO: A estimativa da composição corporal é um campo de estudo importante no prognóstico e diagnóstico de enfermidades degenerativas. OBJETIVO: Analisar a aplicabilidade do Índice de adiposidade corporal (IAC) e o método de dobras cutâneas. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 19 adultas jovens com média de idade 24,53 ± 2,65 anos, submetidas à avaliação antropométrica (circunferências e dobras cutâneas) e absorsiometria por dupla emissão de raio X (DXA). Os valores estimados foram comparados ao valor de referência por meio do teste t pareado e pela análise do nível de associação entre os métodos pela correlação de Pearson; o nível de significância foi p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não apontaram diferenças significativas entre o percentual de gordura estimado pelo IAC e os valores de referência, porém, tiveram nível de associação moderado (r = 0,627). No entanto, o método de dobras cutâneas apresentou diferença estatística significante (p > 0,05) com nível de associação forte (r = 0,879). CONCLUSÃO: Embora o IAC não apresente diferença para os valores estimados, fica evidente a necessidade de mais estudos sobre a aplicabilidade do método na população brasileira. .

INTRODUCTION: The estimation of body composition is an important study field in the prognosis and diagnosis of degenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the applicability of the Body Adiposity Index (BAI) and the skinfold thickness method. METHODS: The sample consisted of 19 young adult women with a mean age 24.53 ± 2.65 years, who underwent anthropometric measurements (circumferences and skinfold thickness) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The estimated values were compared to the reference value by using the paired t test and by analysis of the level of association between the methods through the Pearson correlation. The level of significance was p<0.05. RESULTS: Showed no significant differences between the fat percentage estimated by the BAI and the reference values, however had moderate level of association (r=0.627). Nevertheless, the skinfold thickness method showed statistically significant difference (p>0.05) with a strong association level (r = 0.879). CONCLUSION: Although the BAI does not show difference to the estimated values, it is clear that further studies on the applicability of the method in the Brazilian population are necessary. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: La estimativa de la composición corporal es un campo de estudio importante en el pronóstico y diagnóstico de enfermedades degenerativas. OBJETIVO: Analizar la aplicabilidad del Índice de Adiposidad Corporal (IAC) y el método de pliegues cutáneos. MÉTODOS: La muestra fue constituida por 19 adultas jóvenes con promedio de edad de 24,53 ± 2,65 años, sometidas a evaluación antropométrica (circunferencias y pliegues cutáneos) y absorciometría por doble emisión de rayo X (DXA). Los valores estimados fueron comparados al valor de referencia por medio del test t pareado y por el análisis del nivel de asociación entre los métodos por la correlación de Pearson; el nivel de significancia fue de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: No apuntaron diferencias significativas entre el porcentual de grasa estimado por el IAC y los valores de referencia, no obstante, tuvieron nivel de asociación moderado (r = 0,627). Por otro lado, el método de pliegues cutáneos presentó diferencia estadística significativa (p > 0,05) con nivel de asociación fuerte (r = 0,879). CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque el IAC no presente diferencia para los valores estimados, queda evidente la necesidad de más estudios sobre la aplicabilidad del método en la población brasileña. .